The sf36 and whoqol100 quality of life instruments were used in this study. The scoring system for the sf 36 is relatively complex and. Comparison of sf36 and whoqol100 in patients with stroke. The sf36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. The sf36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. Developed by rand in 1992, the sf36 is a 36question survey derived from the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear study to explain variations in patient outcomes. Reliability and validity of the sf36 health survey. It yields an 8scale profile including functional health, and mental health. Pcs mcs mean percent percentage pf rp bp physical and mental presented range reliability reported respondents role rp bp gh sample scale scores severity sf re mh significant social standard deviation statistical. The short form health survey sf36 and who quality of. Theoriginal sf36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation. The sf 36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. The sf36 includes one multiitem scale that assesses eight health concepts. Cut down time roleemotional re physical health mental health 3h.
The sf36 physical functioning scale pf10 and the health assessment questionnaire disability index haqdi are the most frequently used instruments for measuring selfreported physical function in rheumatoid arthritis ra. Sf 36 physical and mental health summary scales a manual for users of version 1 betty hightower. The tscores are a linear transformation of the 0100 possible range scoring for the sf36vr12 scales that gives every scale a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10, normed to the us general population. Benchmarks for interpretation of score differences on the. The standardized short form health survey 36 sf36 is an important tool for the assessment of quality of life 1 1. An analysis of the sf36 physical function subscale and.
Survey is administered as a questionnaire and can be selfadministered or completed through an interview. Assessment of changes in general health status using the shortform. The original sf36 stemmed from the medical outcome study, mos. Please complete and submit this brief survey license request so we may contact you. Sf36 is listed in the worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms. It consists of 12 questions regarding the frequency and duration of leisure activity e. Performance of the sf36, sf12, and rand36 summary scales. In an ms population, the cronbachs alphas for the various subscales of the sf 36 range from.
The sf 36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with 36 items. Our goal was to establish a common reporting metric, so that scores on commonly used physical function measures can be. This is a generic assessment of healthrelated quality of life hr qol from the clientpatients perspective. It yields an 8 scale profile of functional health and wellbeing scores as well as psychometricallybased physical and mental health summary scores and a preferencebased health utility index. The sf36 also includes a singleitem measure of health transition or change. The pase measures the level of selfreported physical activity in individuals aged 65 years or older and is comprised of items regarding occupational, household, and leisure activities during the previous 7day period.
The malaysian context distribution, with the peaks at the mmlmum and. The names of the scales, scale abbreviations, the number of items included in each and the maximum number of items imputed are shown below. Each scale reportedly provides a valid representation of the criterion to be measured ware, 1993. The scoring system for the sf36 is relatively complex and. Sf36 data were collected in 100 hospital outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis. Benchmarks for interpretation of score differences on the sf. Development and evaluation of a crosswalk between the sf. It yields an 8 scale profile including functional health, and mental health.
Item response theory irt methods were used to cocalibrate both. The sf36 includes multiitem scales to measure the following 8 dimensions the question numbers refer to those in exhibit 10. Comparison of methods for the scoring and statistical. The impact of peripheral artery disease on health related quality. An analysis of the sf36 physical function subscale and the. The sf 36 and rand 36 include the same set of items that were developed in the.
In phase i, the malay version of the sf 36 was administered to asthmatics at six government hospitals from different regions ofthe country. Mean scores on the sf36 subscales are presented in table 2. Answer every question by marking the answer as indicated. Each of the 8 scale measures are available as both a raw score and a tscore for all mhos eras sf36 and vr12. It is measured with different instruments that are not directly comparable, making comparative effectiveness research cer challenging when pf is the outcome of interest. Development and evaluation of a crosswalk between the sf36.
The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf 6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. The sf36 and rand36 include the same set of items that were developed in the. Sf36 and whoqolbref in the evaluation of qol in cad patients is weak. Wellbeing, or quality of life, may change with aging, and may largely depend on changes in functional, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning. The sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with 36 items. It yields an eight scale profile of scores as well as physical and mental summary measures. The sf 36 includes one multiitem scale that assesses eight health conce. Request pdf physical functioning scale of the shortform sf 36.
Depressed downhearted role physical rp items scales component summary measures 02chap02. Item response theory irt methods were used to cocalibrate. There were also poor correlations between the physical component summary of the. Criterion validity is presented in the sf 36 manual for all dimensions except vitality and social functioning. We analyze the sf 36 scales as continuous variables and report rrs for a 1point score difference to allow easy calculations of rrs for other score differences. The short form 36 health survey is a 36item, patientreported survey of patient health. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the shortform health survey sf36 mental health subscale mh and mental component summary mcs scores in identifying the presence of probable major depressive or anxiety disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Physical function pf is a common health concept measured in clinical trials and clinical care. The lowest sf36 scores were for the general health and role limitations due to physical problems subscales while the highest scores were for the. The short form 36 health survey questionnaire the sf36 was developed in the usa for use in the rand corporations health insurance experiment. Each of the 8 scale measures are available as both a raw score and a tscore for all mhos eras sf 36 and vr12. There is considerable evidence for the validity of the sf 36 in a variety of populations including ms.
The correlations between the whoqolbref domains and sf36 subscales. The lowest sf36 scores were for the general health and role limitations due to physical problems subscales while the highest scores were for the social functioning and physical functioning subscales. The tscores are a linear transformation of the 0100 possible range scoring for the sf 36 vr12 scales that gives every scale a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10, normed to the us general population. Sf36 quality of life scale the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions. Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version of sf36while the original sf36 is available in public domain license free from rand. We associate differences in sf 36 scores with relative risks rrs of the four outcomes. In conclusion, this study offers evidence of the discriminant validity of the general mental health and physical functioning scales of the sf36. The sf 36 includes multiitem scales to measure the following 8 dimensions the question numbers refer to those in exhibit 10. The sf 36 is a widely used and accepted global health assessment measure that has proven to be useful in differentiating the health benefits produced by a wide range of different treatments.
All respondentss answers to sf36 were analyzed using a software that made data processing a lot easier and it established the final results of the selfevaluation. Reproducibility and validity of the physical activity scale for the elderly pase questionnaire in patients after total hip arthroplasty. Evaluation of the mos sf36 physical functioning scale pf10. Transformed scaled score of subjects physical functioning physical functioning pf scale items, as part of version 2. You are welcome to subscribe to email updates, or add your sasblog to the site. A prospective repeated measures design was used to produce a backspecific version of the short form36 physical functioning scale sf36 pf by rasch analysis of a pool of items from the sf36 pf. Health status questionnaire sf36 national multiple. Sf36 scales abbreviation number of items in scale maximum number of items imputed physical health physical functioning pf 10 5 role physical rp 4 2 bodily pain bp 2 1. The scales were evaluated by comparing the scores of a cohort of 194 ms patients with general population data and using the expanded disability status scale edss and the incapacity status scalemental as criterion variables for physical functioning and mental health. A 36 item shortform sf 36 was constructed to survey health status in the medical outcomes study. Unidimensionality and reproducibility of the rasch item scale. Mar 15, 2016 longterm functioning and wellbeing outcomes associated with physical activity and exercise in patients with chronic conditions in the medical outcomes study.
The original sf 36 stemmed from the medical outcome study, mos, which was conducted by the rand corporation. An analysis of the sf36 physical function subscale and the barthel index for use in the subarachnoid hemorrhage population sheila alexander, rn, bsn, research associate 1, yookyung kim, phd, assistant professor 2, mary kerr, rn, phd, faan, director for the center for nursing research 1. Sf12v2 is a shortened form 12 items of the sf36v2 health survey. Assessing the validity of the sf36 general health survey. Correlation of the sf36 physical summary is moderate with the behavioural risk factor surveillance system items pearsons r0.
Conversely, physical functioning and physical role limitations were generally not associated with the sms but were associated with physical abilities and pain on the nhp. The scoring system developed for the physical functioning scale pf10, used in both the 149 item medical outcomes study mos functioning and wellbeing profile 2 and the sf 36 health survey 3, is a likert summated rating scale approach 4 in which the total physical functioning score is determined by a simple algebraic sum of the ten. Short form 36 sf36 spinal cord injury research evidence. Depressed downhearted rolephysical rp items scales component summary measures 02chap02. The objective of this study was to develop a crosswalk between scores on the pf10 and haqdi in ra. Measurement instruments in lasa the sf12 health survey is a multipurpose shortform sf generic measure of health status. For example, sixlevel response scales were reduced to fivelevel. Ware and sherbourne give an extended description of the origins of the sf 36 and of its links with the other mos instruments 1. Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version of sf 36while the original sf 36 is available in public domain license free from rand. The sf36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. Ware and sherbourne give an extended description of the origins of the sf36 and of its links with the other mos instruments 1. Brazilian normative data for the short form 36 questionnaire, version 2. Nov 15, 20 the sf 36 physical functioning scale pf10 and the health assessment questionnaire disability index haqdi are the most frequently used instruments for measuring selfreported physical function in rheumatoid arthritis ra.
Physical activity scale for the elderly rehabmeasures database. However, the value of these two instruments among cad patients has not been. This information will help keep track of how you feel and how well you are able to do your usual activities. The questions were combined, scored, and weighted to create two scales that provide glimpses into mental and physical functioning and overall healthrelatedquality of life. Evaluation of the mos sf36 physical functioning scale pf. Cut down the amount of time you spent on work or other activities yes no accomplished less than you would like yes no were limited in the kind of work or other. Many improvements were made to the sf 36v2 to shorten and simplify the wording and make it more familiar. The theoretical model of the sf36 assumes that the physical functioning 10 items, bodily pain 2 items, and role physical 4 items scales. An analysis of the sf 36 physical function subscale and the barthel index for use in the subarachnoid hemorrhage population sheila alexander, rn, bsn, research associate 1, yookyung kim, phd, assistant professor 2, mary kerr, rn, phd, faan, director for the center for nursing research 1, and howard yonas, md 3. The scoring system developed for the physical functioning scale pf10, used in both the 149 item medical outcomes study mos functioning and wellbeing profile 2 and the sf36 health survey 3, is a likert summated rating scale approach 4 in which the total physical functioning score is determined by a simple algebraic sum of the ten.
The sf 36 is an indicator of overall health status. Usefulness of the sf36 health survey in screening for. Evaluation of the mos sf36 physical functioning scale pf40. The sf 36 and whoqol100 quality of life instruments were used in this study. In an ms population, the cronbachs alphas for the various subscales of the sf36 range from. The sf12 health survey measures several health status indicators. We analyze the sf36 scales as continuous variables and report rrs for a 1point score difference to allow easy calculations of rrs for other score differences. It yields an 8scale profile of functional health and wellbeing scores as well as psychometricallybased physical and mental health summary scores and a preferencebased health utility index. Sf 36 scales abbreviation number of items in scale maximum number of items imputed physical health physical functioning pf 10 5 role physical rp 4 2 bodily pain bp 2 1.
Selfreported physical functioning at baseline was assessed using the physical functioning pf scale on the rand 36item health survey. Sf 36 quality of life scale the sf 36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions. The sf36 can also be divided into two aggregate summary measures the physical component summary pcs and the mental component summary mcs. Evaluation of the mos sf 36 physical functioning scale pf10.
Sf36 introduction the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions1. A prospective repeated measures design was used to produce a backspecific version of the short form 36 physical functioning scale sf 36 pf by rasch analysis of a pool of items from the sf 36 pf. Many patients had uncorrected cad risk factors at pre operative assessment. We associate differences in sf36 scores with relative risks rrs of the four outcomes. Longterm functioning and wellbeing outcomes associated with physical activity and exercise in patients with chronic conditions in the medical outcomes study. A second version was developed in 1996 sf36v2 to correct deficiencies identified in the original version. A closer examination of the sf36 mean change scores revealed less variation between the normative sf36 scores and the scores at follow up compared to the baseline score. The sf 36 consists of eight scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section. Building on prior work, we hypothesize that each sf 36 scale is associated with each outcome. Vickrey et al, 1995 in vickreys study, the physical functioning and role limitations due to physical problems subscales were the ones that best discriminated between ms patients and the. Physical functioning pf role physical rp bodily pain bp physical general health gh vitality vt. The sf12 is a generic measure and does not target a specific age or disease group. Jun 05, 20 theoriginal sf 36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation. May 20, 2015 physical function pf is a common health concept measured in clinical trials and clinical care.
Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf 36 about. Internal consistency and validity with older adults there is a needto characterize the physical functioning of older adults. In conclusion, this study offers evidence of the discriminant validity of the general mental health and physical functioning scales of the sf 36. The sf36 includes one multiitem scale that assesses eight health conce. It yields an eightscale profile of scores as well as physical and mental summary measures. Physical functioning pf and social functioning sf also had substantial ceiling effects. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health. Physical activity scale for the elderly rehabmeasures. Building on prior work, we hypothesize that each sf36 scale is associated with each outcome. This set of questions asks for your views about your health. Each item is scored on the basis of the limitations perceived by surveyed individuals. Sf 36 physical and mental health summary scales a manual.
There is considerable evidence for the validity of the sf36 in a variety of populations including ms. Establishing a common metric for physical function. Sf36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process. A 36item shortform sf36 was constructed to survey health status in the medical outcomes study. This modified version of the translated sf 36 was then used in a twophasedstudy between 1999 and 2000. A low backspecific version of the sf36 physical functioning. Postoperative assessment measured health status using the sf36 instrument mean, 16. Lifespace assessment and physical activity scale for the elderly. The sf 36 has been linked to utilization of health care services, clinical course of depression and fiveyear survival ware, j. During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of your physical health. Sf36 scales abbreviation number of items in scale maximum number of items imputed physical health physical functioning pf 10 5 role physical rp 4 2 bodily pain bp 2 1 general health gh 5 2 mental health vitality vt 4 2 social functioning sf 2 1 role emotional re 3 1 mental health mh 5 2. There are numerous such surveys available, one of which is the physical functioning scale pfs of the 36item short form health survey sf36. It is important that a license agreement be executed prior to using or reproducing optum patientreported outcome surveys. Dewey, barbara gandek snippet view 2000 common terms and phrases.
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